mating and social life
Mane and antlers
During the rutting season, the bucks grow a thick mane of dark hair. They reach their largest size during ages 10 - 14, when they grow huge antlers.
Family group
The does live in small family groups consisting of 3 - 6 individuals, which are closely related to each other. Also included are their offspring from the current and preceding years. Outside the mating season, the bucks live alone or in small male groups.
Mating grounds
The bucks find their way to special mating grounds which are usually located near the does' favourite haunts. The bucks announce their presence with powerful bellowing. The mating grounds are dominated by the largest bucks.
Demonstration
The bellowing is a demonstration of strength intended to keep the other bucks at a distance, while at the same time attracting does. If bucks are of equal size, some uncertainty about rank order may arise.
